Selective inhibitor of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). Competitively and reversibly inhibits JNK1, 2 and 3 (IC 50 = 40-90 nM) with negligible activity at ERK2, p38 β and a range of enzymes (IC 50 > 10 μ M). Active in vivo . Shown to have reduced selectivity over other protein kinases under certain conditions. Protects renal tubular epithelial cells against ischemia/reperfusion-induced apoptosis. Also available as part of the MAPK Inhibitor Tocriset™ .