| Identification | |
| Name: | Maitotoxin |
| Synonyms: | 2H-Bispyrano[2',3':5,6]pyrano[3,2-b:2',3'-e]pyran,maitotoxin deriv.; 2H-Pyrano[2'''',3'''':5''',6''']pyrano[2''',3''':6'',7'']oxepino[2'',3'':5',6']pyrano[2',3':5,6]pyrano[3,2-b]pyrano[2''',3''':5'',6'']pyrano[2'',3'':5',6']pyrano[2',3':5,6]pyrano[2,3-g]oxocin,maitotoxin deriv.;2H-Pyrano[3,2-b]pyrano[2''',3''':5'',6'']pyrano[2'',3'':5',6']pyrano[2',3':5,6]pyrano[2,3-f]oxepin,maitotoxin deriv.;Bispyrano[2'',3'':5',6']pyrano[2',3':5,6]pyrano[3,2-b:2',3'-f]oxepin,maitotoxin deriv.; Pyrano[3,2-b]pyran, maitotoxin deriv.; Maitotoxin 1 |
| CAS: | 59392-53-9 |
| Molecular Formula: | C164H258 O68 S2 . 2 Na |
| Molecular Weight: | 3426.30 |
| Molecular Structure: | ![(C164H258O68S2.2Na) 2H-Bispyrano[2',3':5,6]pyrano[3,2-b:2',3'-e]pyran,maitotoxin deriv.; 2H-Pyrano[2'''',3'''':5''',6'''...](https://img.guidechem.com/newimg/59392-53-9.png) |
| Properties | |
| Specification: |
Maitotoxin (CAS NO.59392-53-9) is an extremely potent toxin produced by Gambierdiscus toxicus, a dinoflagellate species. Maitotoxin is so potent that it has been demonstrated that an intraperitoneal injection of 0.13 µg/kg was lethal in mice.Maitotoxin was named from the ciguateric fish Ctenochaetus striatus—called “maito” in Tahiti—from which maitotoxin was isolated for the first time - later it was shown that maitotoxin is actually produced by Gambierdiscus toxicus. Maitotoxin is known to activate cytosolic calcium-activated proteases calpain-1 and calpain-2, contributing to necrosis. The toxicity of maitotoxin to mice is the highest in nonprotein toxins: the LD50 is 50 ng/kg.The molecule itself exists as a system of 32 fused rings. It is one of the largest and most complex non-protein, non-polysaccharide molecules produced by an organism. |
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