Thrombin (9002-04-4)

 Thrombin also commonly called pro-thrombin is a coagulation protein in the blood stream that has many effects in the coagulation cascade. It is a serine protease that converts soluble fibrinogen into insoluble strands of fibrin, as well as catalyzing many other coagulation-related reactions.
 The Thrombin (prothrombin) gene is located on the eleventh chromosome (11p11-q12). The molecular weight of prothrombin is approximately 72000 gmol^-1. The catalytic domain is released from prothrombin fragment 1.2 to create the active enzyme thrombin, which has a molecular weight of 36000 gmol^-1.
 There are an estimated 30 people in the world that have been diagnosed with the congenital form of Factor II deficiency,which should not be confused with a mutation of prothrombin. The prothrombin gene mutation is called Factor II mutation. Factor II mutation is congenital. The Factor II mutated gene is not usually accompanied by other factor mutations (i.e. the most common is Factor V Leiden). The gene may be inherited heterozygous (1 pair), or much more rarely, homozygous (2 pairs), and is not related to gender or blood type. Homozygous mutations increase the risk of thrombosis more than heterozygous mutations, but the relative increased risk is not well documented. Other potential risks for thrombosis, such as oral contraceptives may be additive. The previously reported relationship of inflammatory bowel disease (i.e. Crohn's disease or Ulcerative Colitis) and prothrombin mutation or Factor V Leiden mutation have been contradicted by research.

Reported in EPA TSCA Inventory.